Sexual-Orientation Discrimination essays

Sexual-Orientation Discrimination essays Most workplaces have written business policies that are discussed frequently and openly and are expected to be followed. But unfortunately with this specific issue that is not always the case. A workplace issue can only be an issue if there are rules and regulations specifically stating the difference between right and wrong pertaining directly to the issue. When it comes to discrimination due to sexual orientation most states have yet to pass laws making it illegal to not-hire or to fire on the basis of sexual preference. Even when a company has a clear policy on sexual orientation discrimination, in most cases it seems the rules are being broken unintentionally due to lack of education on the issue. One of the first steps that need to be taken is to change what is currently wrong in todays corporations policies. The Human Rights Campaign Foundation made an effort to take the first step in August of this year. They did what is called a Corporate Equality Index, which polls corporations on policies that affect their gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees, consumers, and investors (Human Rights Campaign, 1). This poll is done to help the general public so they can better decide where to shop, work, and invest their money according to the companys policies. The results were based on whether companies had actual written policies on sexual orientation, offered health insurance to their employees same-sex partners and whether they decline to engage in activities that would undermine the goal of equal rights (Human Rights Campaign, 2). The most interesting part of this poll is the final criteria for the companies sore: whether or not they were willing to change their policies if they did not score well. It was amazing to find out that 92 % of the companies rated either did include these criteria in their companies policies or were willing to change accordi...

How to Cite a Book in AGLC Referencing

How to Cite a Book in AGLC Referencing How to Cite a Book in AGLC Referencing As a legal referencing system, AGLC has specific rules for citing cases and legislation. But what about other sources, like textbooks? These are known as secondary sources. And while you can cite them, the rules are a little different. Here, we look at how to cite a book with AGLC. Footnote References for a Book in AGLC AGLC indicates references using superscript numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) in the main text of your essay. These numbers point to a footnote, where you will need to provide full source information. To cite a book, for instance, you would need to include the following information in the first footnote: n. Author’s Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint. In the above, edition only applies if the book has more than one published version, while â€Å"pinpoint† refers to the specific page(s) cited. For instance: 1. Rory McJudge, Knowing the Law (NexusLexus, 2nd ed, 2014) 534. Here, we’ve included â€Å"2nd ed† to show that we’re citing the second edition. And the â€Å"534† at the end shows we’re citing page 534 of the source. If a source has four or more authors, meanwhile, simply name the first author followed by â€Å"et al† to indicate that other names have been excluded. Repeat Citations in AGLC To save duplicating information if you cite a source more than once, AGLC uses a shortened footnote format for repeat citations. The rules for this depend on whether you’re citing the same source twice in a row or returning to something after citing a different source: For consecutive citations of the same source (i.e., two or more citations in a row), use the Latin term â€Å"ibid,† which means â€Å"in the same place.† For non-consecutive citations, give the author’s surname and a bracketed cross reference to the first citation (e.g., â€Å"n 1† = first footnote). If you’re referring to a different part of the same text in either case, you should also give a new pinpoint reference. In practice, then, repeat citations of a source would look something like the following: 1. Rory McJudge, Knowing the Law (NexusLexus, 2nd ed, 2014) 534. 2. Ibid. 3. Navigation Act 2012 (Cth) s 14. 4. McJudge (n 1) 454. 5. Ibid, 243-244. Here, citations 2 and 5 are consecutive citations (i.e., they refer to the previously cited book). Citation 4, meanwhile, is a non-consecutive repeat citation of the book from footnote 1. If citing more than one source by the same author, moreover, you can use a shortened version of the title in non-consecutive citations to show which source you are citing. Books in an AGLC Bibliography As well as citing books in footnotes, AGLC requires you to add all sources to a bibliography at the end of your document. Books go in the first section (i.e., Articles, Books and Reports), listed alphabetically by author surname. The information you need to include here is similar to the first footnote, but with the author’s names inverted, no pinpoint reference, and no full stop: Surname, First Name/Initial, Title of Book (Publisher, Edition, Year) Thus, the bibliography entry for the book cited above would be: McJudge, Rory, Knowing the Law (NexusLexus, 2nd ed, 2014) If a source has more than one author, you should only reverse the names of the first person listed. And as with footnote references, sources with four or more authors should use â€Å"et al† after naming the first listed author to show that other contributors have been excluded. Hopefully, this post has cleared up the basics of citing a book in AGLC. If you need any help checking the referencing in a document, though, we can help.

Social networking and employee identities Essay

Social networking and employee identities - Essay Example For example, when used for recruitment purposes social networking sites may fail to meet all the necessary security requirements. In the workplace, where social networking is often used for promoting the communication between employees, similar security problems have appeared. The risks of social networking in regard to a particular security issue, the identity of its users, are explored in this paper. Reference is made, especially, to the identities of employees, as users of the social networking sites. The literature review related to this issue verifies the extensive use of social networking sites, as a tool of communication, in the workplace and the involvement of these sites in the hiring process. Also, the studies published in this field indicate the failures of social networking sites to offer to their users full protection of their identities. 2. Social Networking and Employee Identities Social networking sites are extensively used in the workplace. In the past, employees acc essed these sites just for entertainment reasons (Timm 2010). Today, social networking sites are officially used in the workplace for a variety of purposes: a) for improving the communication between employees in various organizational departments, b) for helping to the sharing of documents and other material between employees; the performance of e-mail in regard to such service can be low as problems in the central servers of the e-mail providers are common; c) for developing critical organizational activities; reference should be made, as examples, to the marketing and recruitment processes (Timm 2010). On the other hand, the benefits of social networking for organizations cannot be doubted. Indeed, social media can help businesses to improve their market image, to increase their customer base and to improve their communication with their customers (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). In addition, through social media employees are able to share their ideas and their conc erns in regard to the tasks assigned to them (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). However, in firms where employees use social media, the exposure of IT systems to various threats is quite high (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). The disadvantages of the use of social media, as related to the workplace could be described as follows: a) increased risk for ‘virus attacks and online scams’ (Society for Human Resource Management 2012), b) potential damages on organization’s reputation, a problem that usually results from the negative comments of employees in social networking sites (Society for Human Resource Management 2012) and c) decrease of employee performance; such problem exists in case that employees spend a lot of time ‘in updating their online profile’ (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). According to a survey published in 2011, currently a high percentage of employers, about 48.3% allow to their employees the use of social networking sites in work, even for non-business use (Fisher 2011, Figure 1, Appendices). It should be noted that a percentage of 25% of employers, a rather high percentage, prohibits any access to social media in work if the use is not made for covering business needs. On the other hand, a high percentage of employers, about 70.7% prefer to adjust the IT systems in the workplace so that the access to social networking

Strategic Management - BBC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Management - BBC - Essay Example The corporation has indeed been trying hard to come up to the expectations by implementing changes from time to time. BBC provides a wide range of programs and services, including television, radio, webcasts, interactive applications with programmes serving, national, local, children’s, educational, language interests. SWOT Analysis Strengths ï‚ § BBC is on the broadcasting horizon since the days Radio was invented, i.e. it is the first corporation to make use of ‘Broadcasting’ technique. ï‚ § Even in today’s market driven dynamics, BBC has maintained a unique identity of serving the interests of public broadcasts over and above the interests of advertisers and stakeholders. ï‚ § It has a strong infrastructure with 10 TV channels, 10 radio channels and runs 33 radio language services around the world. ï‚ § The staff strength of around 27, 000. ï‚ § Since it was the first one having started the broadcasts, therefore the inherent advantage of being the first one off the block will remain always with BBC. ï‚ § It earns its operating finances from the licenses paid by the households. ï‚ § The corporation has the backing of the government. ï‚ § BBC Resources is one of the largest production facilities in the UK offering services which include studios, outside broadcasts, post production, design, costumes and wigs. ï‚ § BBC Training provides courses, tailored training and consultancy services to help individuals and companies working in broadcasting and related industries. ï‚ § BBC caters to a wide range of viewers across the globe with services like BBC America, BBC Canada, BBC Japan, BBC Food, BBC Kids (Canada), BBC Prime BBC World, Animal Planet, People+Arts, UKTV, UK.TV (Australia) The ability to do truthful introspection and admit its shortcomings. Weaknesses Functioning of the corporation is being criticized in the public domain for quite some time now. In the recent past, BBC has tried to incorporate too many changes with limited success. Many of the steps have invited sharp reactions from different quarters. Its share of viewership/ audiences is on a downslide for quite a while now. With the high percentage of repeat broadcasts it appears there is dearth of talent in the corporation. Though BBC is an autonomous broadcasting corporation, yet in the recent past it has been mired in controversies on account of its overtly pro-government stance particularly for handling the stories of Iraq war and West Bank stories. Differences between different departments within the corporation Its dependence on the License fee as the main source of financing the operations. Opportunities Onset of digital technology in the field of terrestrial as well as satellite broadcasting. In fact, BBC Radio pioneered the world's first national digital radio service in September 1995. Corporation sees the need for improving the role of governors, which will help the corporation in managing the affairs more impartially. New editorial policy makes the corporation to improve the quality of editorials and the news content. Large number of BBC fans all across the globe. The corporation can provide them with quality content and truthful analysis, to make way for increasing the number of listeners/ viewers. BBC's urge to come of the London centric mould by shifting some of its offices outside London. This will provide the corporation better and wider perspective. The web space provides a hunting ground for catering to almost all segments

Functionalism, Conflict, and Internationalism Essay Example for Free

Functionalism, Conflict, and Internationalism Essay The three theories I plan to discuss are Functionalism, Conflict, and Internationalism with education. The need for these theories is what actually makes the system in education work, with the teachers, parents, school boards and committees the institution of education continues to function. The first theory is Functionalism and is about the study by Lawrence Kohlberg. It has been forty-three years since Lawrence Kohlberg published his doctoral dissertation characterizing six stages of moral development and fourteen years since his death. During this period, much has been written that has discredited stage theory and the overarching use of justice as a first principle of moral development. Yet Kohlbergs evolving moral theory continues to be used as a theoretical basis for moral development research and to influence teacher education. While some educators have dismissed Kohlbergs approach as wooden and fossilized, it continues to be central to what teachers know about, and how they think about, moral development. 2] Indeed, one author suggests that every psychology textbook published in the last quarter-century touches upon Kohlbergs work. [3] This consistent message, coupled with continued public talk about character development and moral education in schools, makes it likely that Kohlbergs stage theory continues to influence classroom practice, consciously and unconsciously, across the United States, Henry, (2001). By exposing the structural-functionalist roots of Kohlbergs theory, this essay raises concerns about the application of Kohlbergs ideas in the classroom. Fundamentally, Kohlberg focuses on individual development, a universal conception of justice, and universalizability do not translate well to the institutional-level application that he hoped his Just Community Schools would provide. What Kohlberg failed to realize was that a collection of individuals using a Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism in Education universal conception of justice in consistent ways across situations (morally mature individuals by Kohlbergs standards) did not necessarily create a moral community. In a moral community, the degree to which individuals have grown along a continuum of moral development should not be of greater importance than the ability of community members to work together to detect and solve moral problems. Henry, (2001) Foundational to the Just Community model was Kohlbergs belief that schools were important locations for the socialization of children into broader society. School was a childs first formal introduction into society at large. By going to school the child learns to fill the expected public roles of a member of his society (LKA, 21). Part of the power of schooling was the teaching of lessons necessary for successful life outside of school. In particular, Kohlberg stressed that students needed to gain an increased awareness of themselves in categorical terms. [7] In other words, he and his colleagues claimed that students needed to learn the categorical expectations to which they would be held publicly accountable and that school had an important function to play in teaching these lessons: [T]he child has to learn to be one among a crowd of peers in a classroom that is run by a relative impersonal authority figure who gives orders a power to wield praise and blame. What the child learns about how to handle the crowds, the praise, and the power will, from this point of view, give shape to her public morality: her conception of how one ought to act to get along and even prosper in the public domain (LKA, 21). Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism in Education These statements make it clear that Kohlberg saw schools as important locations for gradually imbuing children with the expectations they would meet as adults, Henry, (2001). While Kohlberg was focused on the individual the theory of functionalism doesn’t work. It works as a whole at a much larger level, the macro level, the institution of the schools. These system need function to run and for student to learn. With this in place there would dis-function children would not be able to learn and through the learning they learn how to enter into society and act accordingly in their roles into adulthood. The theory of Conflict in regards to education they are there, but one that comes to mind is the quality of the education that is given to students today. All the students are not looked at the same, if they come from a poor family or a minority family they are not thought of as equal in intelligence as the white middle to higher class of student. According to Conflict Theory, society is: A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc. ). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; this ensures that the powerful continue to monopolize power, privilege, and authority. You should note that most conflict theorists oppose this sort of coercion and favor a more equal social order. Some support a complete socioeconomic revolution to socialism (Marx), while others are more reformist, or perhaps do not see all social inequalities stemming from the capitalist system Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism in Educational (they believe we could solve racial, gender, and class inequality without turning to socialism). However, many conflict theorists focus on capitalism as the source of social inequalities. The primary cause of social problems, according to the conflict perspective, is the exploitation and oppression of subordinate groups by dominants. Conflict theorists generally view oppression and inequality as wrong, whereas Structural-Functionalists may see it as necessary for the smooth running and integration of society. Structural-Functionalism and Conflict Theory therefore have different value orientations but can lead to similar insights about inequality (e. g. , they both believe that stereotypes and discrimination benefit dominant groups, but conflict theorists say this should end and most structural-functionalists believe it makes perfect sense that subordinates should be discriminated against, since it serves positive social ends). Conflict theory sees social change as rapid, continuous, and inevitable as groups seek to replace each other in the social hierarchy, McLeod, (2004). In contrast to Structural-Functionalists, who argue that the most talented individuals occupy the highest positions, conflict theorists argue that dominant groups monopolize positions of power, maintaining power from generation to generation and keeping subordinate groups out. Also in contrast to Structural-Functionalists, who argue that the most important positions in society are the best rewarded, conflict theorists argue that dominant groups get inordinate power to define which positions are socially rewarded. Highly-paid positions are not necessarily most important for society, they argue, but keep power in the hands of the privileged and powerful, McLeod, (2004). If conflict theory really see social change coming than that may mean the educators of this country may be starting to focus on the student and their intelligence instead of their financial status or race. Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism in Education The last theory Interactionism theory views society as the product of individuals interaction with each other. Through the process of socialization, people learn values, attitudes, and actions that they deem to be correct. People are exposed to a set of reinforcements to maintain or change those views and actions. Learning theory helps explain why people view others in particular ways, such as who is good and who is bad. Our views may have little to do with objective reality. Learning theory may also explain the process in which people come to engage in behaviors that others find problematic, such as embezzling or prostitution. As Sutherland (1940) notes, people learn the motivations, beliefs, and actions to engage in behaviors that some may find problematic. Labeling theory explores how people socially construct reality. People in positions of power and authority have the ability to label an activity as problematic or acceptable; people in lower social positions are less likely to persuade others to stick with their definition of the situation. This is why elites are able to define a situation that benefits them as good, while others may regard it as troublesome. It also helps explain why people in lower classes are more likely to be perceived as the cause of problems, and why elites escape that definition. The reality of any social situation depends on how people define it. For example, when college students drink alcohol, is it partying, is it normal, is it binge drinking, is it alcohol abuse, are they a social drinker, a problem drinker, do they use it or abuse it? We may wish to determine how we will label the alcohol consumption based on when they drink, with whom they drink, how much they drink, what they drink, and what they do when they are drinking. Is the drinking a personal problem, a campus problem, or a social problem? These distinctions areFunctionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism in Education determined arbitrarily through the process of labeling. Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism underlying conditions probably existed for a long time before it was identified as an issue. The disagreement over whether something is a problem, how much of a problem it is, what and who caused it, and how it should be addressed is all a product of social construction created through the process of interaction, Vissing, (2011). I believe that between parents, teachers, students and the communities if they would allow each of themselves to be treated as people, students and human beings the educational process would be easier and more pleasurable experience and a happier and healthier environment. I know that is an impossibility but if were something even a few people would work at it may change the educational field a little bit at a time. To bring these three theories together to have a functional system, bring students in as one instead of the higher class and more social and control the groups of kids and the way they stand against each other there might be a chance to bring our education back on line and educate the students the way they should be educated and ready for the world after high school.

Courtly Love Conventions in Troilus and Creseyde Essay -- Troilus Cris

Courtly Love Conventions in Troilus and Creseyde  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   From the beginning the reader knows that "Troilus and Criseyde" is both a romance and a tragedy, for if the name of the poem and the setting of doomed Troy are not enough of a clue, Chaucer's narrator tells us so explicitly. This is a tale of:    The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, ... In lovying, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie2    This waxing and waning of Troilus' and Criseyde's happiness in love allows Chaucer to explore the different manifestations of love in his contemporary society, and what the costs of loving might be. In particular, Criseyde's fear of love, and betrayal of Troilus' love, raises the question: who is allowed to choose to love?    Yet despite the readers' foreknowledge of a tragic ending, Chaucer's skill is in exploring this theme, while making the outcome of the story seem anything but fixed. He "directs our responses and controls the narrative situation,"3 so that we are in constant anticipation. One scene in particular strikes me as a powerful example of Chaucer's ability to evoke this feeling of uncertainty and infinite possibility suddenly coalescing into the next inevitable movement of the plot.    In a relatively short passage in Book II (lines 876-931) Criseyde makes the symbolic decision to love, despite her concerns about the power games involved with 'true' or courtly love. She "wex somwhat able to converte"4 her fears into love of Troilus.    This scene is made up of what appears to be a simple convergence of four important elements: Antigone's song of true love, and her certain and convincing belief in true love (as opposed to mere passion - "hoot"... ...Cambridge University Press, 1986) pp. 213-226. This from p. 213. 4. Benson, Book II, 903, p.501. 5. Benson, Book II, 892, p.501. 6. David Aers, "Criseyde: Woman in Medieval Society," The Chaucer Review 13 (3) (1979), 177-200. This from p. 180. 7. Benson, Book II, 872, p. 501. 8. Benson, Book II, 874-875, p. 501. 9. Benson, Book II, 887, p.501. 10. Benson, Book II, 891, p. 501. 11. Benson, Book II, 894, p. 501. 12. Benson, Book II, 922, p. 502. 13. Aers, p. 186. 14. Benson, Book II, 922, p.502. 15. Benson, Book II, 930, p. 502. 16. Eugene Vance, "Mervelous Signals: Poetics, Sign Theory, and Politics in Chaucer's Troilus," New Literary History 10 (1979), 293-337. This from p. 328. 17. Aers, p. 180. 18. Aers, p. 181. 19. Benson, Book II, 903, p. 501. 20. Benson, Book II, 890-891, p.501.

Self-esteem and Impression Management

Consideration of a person’s perspective â€Å"self† and the processes used to determine behaviors is one element of social psychology. Some of the processes and theories are: impression management, social tuning, social comparisons, mindsets, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This work will examine the basic premises of each of these along with personal examples provided by the author. Impression Management Impression management is the use of conscious or subconscious behaviors by a person to manipulate the others’ opinions about them.This can be done in a variety of ways including showering others with praise and compliments and giving gifts with the motivation of developing a favorable opinion of the giver. Adolescence is a phase of life that is particularly susceptible to impression management. When I was twelve years old, my family was transferred from inner city St. Louis to a tiny town of 2,000 people in northeast Arkansas. This town was very elitist and there was very little inroad for â€Å"new kids† to find a place of belonging. Almost exclusively, the junior high students had been classmates since kindergarten, and their social in-groups were intact.There was one girl who reached out to make me feel welcome, and her name was Laura Beth Williams. She had long, curly, strawberry blonde hair, and wore the cutest clothes. Her dad owned a local nursery and she had four sisters. She invited me to sit at her lunch table, told me where to go at lunch time, and gave me insight about teachers and classes. I was so grateful to her that I wanted to do something nice in return, and I also wanted the other students to think well of me and to consider including me too.One day I took a turquoise ring to school with the intention of giving it to Laura Beth to show my appreciation. As I thought of what I might do, and the possible responses of my classmates, I was so excited. Then, my excitement incited something that would be my demis e. Instead of simply presenting the perfectly lovely piece of costume jewelry, my mind began to create a much more elaborate scenario that snowballed to catastrophe. When we got to our first hour study hall, I made a big deal of making certain that several people saw my ring.As they asked, I told them that my maternal grandfather was a full-blooded Native American (he actually was), and that he had given me this gorgeous piece of turquoise jewelry which I wanted to give to Laura Beth as thanks for her help and welcoming manner. As I had hoped, the class was impressed and I knew my status was immediately elevated in this new social group. All was well until one of the boys asked to see the ring. As he examined it, I heard an ominous snicker before he loudly announced, â€Å"Hey, Gina, is your grandpa’s name Chief Avon? † Naturally, I was mortified and began to cry and repent about fabricating the story.What is interesting is that from that time forward, the students wer e much more helpful and welcoming. That was the day that I learned a valuable lesson about lying and trying to impress other people. According to Segev, Shoham, and Ruvio (2013) found that being self-conscious can be positively related with gift giving in adolescence. Adolescents value peer relationships and may give gifts as a way to ensure that they have friends. Social Tuning Social tuning is the tendency for human beings to be more attracted to the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of their own social group.This gravitation toward similar knowledge, customs, and beliefs is one element of the development of culture. My daughter, Nikki, is a typical 20-something American young woman. She has grown up with many of the niceties and luxuries of our country and as most of us are, is a bit spoiled. When she was 22, Nikki answered a call to serve as a teacher-missionary in an orphanage in Honduras. She went to language school in Nicaragua and spent two years teaching elementary students in the mountains near Tegucigalpa. Upon her return to the U. S., Nikki would often lapse into Spanish, especially when she got nervous or excited, and she loved to go to the Mexican restaurants in town. She said it â€Å"felt more like home†.It has been two years since her return, and now Nikki no longer breaks out in Spanish, and she doesn’t frequent Mexican restaurants as often. Although living in Honduras for over two years did not make Nikki a Honduran, social tuning began an enculturation process. A 2010 study actually showed that there is a psychological and cognitive tendency for people to be more prominent within one’s in-group.The study specifically explored words, paintings, and time pressure. Not only did the study explore reactions to stimulus among those who shared cultural similarities, but the researchers found that the cognition and psychological reaction was lessened when the participants thought that the other participants were unlike them. So cial Comparisons Human beings naturally compare themselves to other human beings, both individually and corporately. This phenomenon is called social comparison, and it can be either positive or negative.For example, if a person who has had three speeding tickets is comparing their driving record to the driving records of other people, they may feel good about their driving if they have fewer accidents or tickets and bad about their driving skills compared to the person who has never had an accident or a ticket. The comparison actually does not change the person’s driving ability, only their perception of their driving ability. Recent research demonstrates that it is the quality rather than the frequency of social networking experiences that places individuals at risk for negative mental health outcomes.However, the mechanisms that account for this association have yet to be examined. Accordingly, this study examined whether the tendency to negatively compare oneself with oth ers while using Facebook leads to increases in depressive symptoms, and whether this association is mediated by increases in rumination. A sample of 268 college-age young adults completed an initial online survey and a 3-week follow-up. Path analysis was used to test the hypothesized model, wherein negative social comparison on Facebook was predicted to be associated with increases in rumination, which, in turn, was predicted to be associated with depressive symptoms.The model controlled for general social comparison to test the specific effect of social comparison on Facebook over and above the tendency to engage in social comparison in general. Results indicated that the hypothesized mediation effect was significant. In sum, in the context of social networking, negatively comparing oneself with others may place individuals at risk for rumination and, in turn, depressive symptoms. Findings increase understanding of the mechanisms that link social networking use to negative mental h ealth outcomes and suggest a continued emphasis on examining the specific proces Self-esteem and Impression Management Consideration of a person’s perspective â€Å"self† and the processes used to determine behaviors is one element of social psychology. Some of the processes and theories are: impression management, social tuning, social comparisons, mindsets, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This work will examine the basic premises of each of these along with personal examples provided by the author.Impression ManagementImpression management is the use of conscious or subconscious behaviors by a person to manipulate the others’ opinions about them. This can be done in a variety of ways including showering others with praise and compliments and giving gifts with the motivation of developing a favorable opinion of the giver. Adolescence is a phase of life that is particularly susceptible to impression management. When I was twelve years old, my family was transferred from inner city St. Louis to a tiny town of 2,000 people in northeast Arkansas. This town was very elitist a nd there was very little inroad for â€Å"new kids† to find a place of belonging. Almost exclusively, the junior high students had been classmates since kindergarten, and their social in-groups were intact.There was one girl who reached out to make me feel welcome, and her name was Laura Beth Williams. She had long, curly, strawberry blonde hair, and wore the cutest clothes. Her dad owned a local nursery and she had four sisters. She invited me to sit at her lunch table, told me where to go at lunch time, and gave me insight about teachers and classes. I was so grateful to her that I wanted to do something nice in return, and I also wanted the other students to think well of me and to consider including me too. One day I took a turquoise ring to school with the intention of giving it to Laura Beth to show my appreciation.As I thought of what I might do, and the possible responses of my classmates, I  was so excited. Then, my excitement incited something that would be my dem ise. Instead of simply presenting the perfectly lovely piece of costume jewelry, my mind began to create a much more elaborate scenario that snowballed to catastrophe. When we got to our first hour study hall, I made a big deal of making certain that several people saw my ring. As they asked, I told them that my maternal grandfather was a full-blooded Native American (he actually was), and that he had given me this gorgeous piece of turquoise jewelry which I wanted to give to Laura Beth as thanks for her help and welcoming manner.As I had hoped, the class was impressed and I knew my status was immediately elevated in this new social group. All was well until one of the boys asked to see the ring. As he examined it, I heard an ominous snicker before he loudly announced, â€Å"Hey, Gina, is your grandpa’s name Chief Avon?† Naturally, I was mortified and began to cry and repent about fabricating the story. What is interesting is that from that time forward, the students w ere much more helpful and welcoming. That was the day that I learned a valuable lesson about lying and trying to impress other people. According to Segev, Shoham, and Ruvio (2013) found that being self-conscious can be positively related with gift giving in adolescence. Adolescents value peer relationships and may give gifts as a way to ensure that they have friends. Social TuningSocial tuning is the tendency for human beings to be more attracted to the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of their own social group. This gravitation toward similar knowledge, customs, and beliefs is one element of the development of culture. My daughter, Nikki, is a typical 20-something American young woman. She has grown up with many of the niceties and luxuries of our country and as most of us are, is a bit spoiled. When she was 22, Nikki answered a call to serve as a teacher-missionary in an orphanage in Honduras. She went to language school in Nicaragua and spent two years teaching elementary studen ts in the mountains near Tegucigalpa.Upon her return to the U.S., Nikki would often lapse into Spanish, especially when she got nervous or excited, and she loved to go to the Mexican restaurants in town. She said it â€Å"felt more like home†. It has been two years since her return, and now Nikki no longer breaks out in Spanish, and she doesn’t frequent Mexican restaurants as often. Although  living in Honduras for over two years did not make Nikki a Honduran, social tuning began an enculturation process.A 2010 study actually showed that there is a psychological and cognitive tendency for people to be more prominent within one’s in-group. The study specifically explored words, paintings, and time pressure. Not only did the study explore reactions to stimulus among those who shared cultural similarities, but the researchers found that the cognition and psychological reaction was lessened when the participants thought that the other participants were unlike them .Social ComparisonsHuman beings naturally compare themselves to other human beings, both individually and corporately. This phenomenon is called social comparison, and it can be either positive or negative. For example, if a person who has had three speeding tickets is comparing their driving record to the driving records of other people, they may feel good about their driving if they have fewer accidents or tickets and bad about their driving skills compared to the person who has never had an accident or a ticket. The comparison actually does not change the person’s driving ability, only their perception of their driving ability.Recent research demonstrates that it is the quality rather than the frequency of social networking experiences that places individuals at risk for negative mental health outcomes. However, the mechanisms that account for this association have yet to be examined. Accordingly, this study examined whether the tendency to negatively compare oneself with others while using Facebook leads to increases in depressive symptoms, and whether this association is mediated by increases in rumination.A sample of 268 college-age young adults completed an initial online survey and a 3-week follow-up. Path analysis was used to test the hypothesized model, wherein negative social comparison on Facebook was predicted to be associated with increases in rumination, which, in turn, was predicted to be associated with depressive symptoms. The model controlled for general social comparison to test the specific effect of social comparison on Facebook over and above the tendency to engage in social comparison in general.Results indicated that the hypothesized mediation effect was significant. In sum, in the context of  social networking, negatively comparing oneself with others may place individuals at risk for rumination and, in turn, depressive symptoms. Findings increase understanding of the mechanisms that link social networking use to negative men tal health outcomes and suggest a continued emphasis on examining the specific proces

I Have No Sympathy for Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare’s tragedy of Macbeth is written about a story of a Scottish thane (Macbeth), whom, fuelled by burning desire and ambition, urged on by his wife and also triggered by the three witches’ equivocation, murders his king, Duncan. Despite Macbeth’s negative attributes such as his greed, corruption, paranoia, the audience still retains and pities Macbeth due to the fact that Shakespeare employs soliloquies, humanity and tragic flaw. Judging Macbeth superficially by his actions alone leaves the reader no choice but to consider him as evil and immoral; yet when one examines the full presentation of his character and understands his mental struggles (through his soliloquies), a feeling of sympathy is evoked. Throughout the whole play, Macbeth is shown as having a conscience. Prior to his murdering of Duncan, Macbeth has serious reservations about following through with the assassination, with Shakespeare portraying Macbeth as a eluctant murderer. After all, his ambitions for the throne were only made public after hearing a prophecy, which the audience later realises as an equivocation, made by witches. Even then, he weighs up his reasons for and against murdering Duncan and concludes, â€Å"If chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me, without my stir†. This shows the audience that Macbeth has a clear conscience and realises that there is no way back once he has done the deed. Shakespeare juxtaposes Macbeth’s conscience to Lady Macbeth’s, whose conscience does not kick in until the very end of her life, when the enormity of the deed suddenly dawns upon her whereas Macbeth’s conscience was there from the start. This makes the audience realise that Macbeth is not all evil, and that he has only human, which more or less makes the audience understand his actions and sympathize with him. Upon thorough examination of his conscience, he realises that as Duncan’s kinsman, subject and host, his duty is to protect Duncan and â€Å"not bear the knife myself†. When he remembers the virtues of Duncan’s kingship, he concludes that his only reason for murdering him is his own â€Å"vaulting ambition†. At this point he firmly tells Lady Macbeth that, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business†, expressing his desires to put an end to all talks about murder. This gains further sympathy from the audience, as they understand the emotional turmoil of Macbeth’s mind and further proves the point that Macbeth is only human. Shakespeare also uses other characters to further build on the audience’s sympathy for Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is one of the many characters that Shakespeare employs. When Macbeth refuses to go ahead with the mission to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth, however, persists. She plays a critical role in the build-up to the murder where she uses her powers of persuasion to make Macbeth change his mind by taunting him with questions about his courage and masculinity: â€Å"Art thou afeard? †, and also equating murder to manliness and courage. This makes the audience see that Macbeth is a reluctant murderer and that his wife was the driving force behind the murder, which makes the audience wonder if Macbeth would have gone ahead with the murder if Lady Macbeth was not there, thus garnering unexpected sympathy in this area. In the end, however, Macbeth caves in at the urging of Lady Macbeth, killing Duncan and framing the guards to tricks the rest of the high-ranking Scots to think that the murder was some sort of plot formulated by the king’s sons Malcolm and Donaldbain. The three witches are also used as means of obtaining sympathy for his main character. Throughout parts of the play, the witches appear, only to toy with Macbeth’s conscience by prophesising, through the use of equivocation, about his future. The audience is first introduced to the witches in the very beginning, which is a way of Shakespeare communicating to the audience about the major parts the witches play throughout the whole production. After all, it is the three witches that toy with Macbeth again and again, making him in their words by equivocating only parts of the truth, thus portraying Macbeth as vulnerable and still human: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter†. This equivocation fuels on Macbeth’s long burning desire and all consuming ambition to be King of Scotland. This leads on to Macbeth murdering Duncan for his title and ultimately, his tragic fall at the hands of Macduff. The audience sees that the three witches made equivocations and can relate to Macbeth as a human being as he wrongly believes the lies of others, which eventually led to his untimely death. Thus, because the audience can relate Macbeth to a real life character, he is pitied on and sympathised with. Soliloquy in Shakespeare’s work allows the audience to dive in a character’s mind. It is that extra view that makes the audience see what the characters in Shakespeare’s work can’t see. Shakespeare cleverly writes the murder scene, where he does not write the particular actions Macbeth murdering Duncan, but rather focusing on the inner torment or the soliloquies of the villain rather than the suffering of the victim to gather more sympathy for Macbeth. The audience witness Macbeth’s doubts through his soliloquies beforehand through the clever use of imagery: â€Å"He’s here in double trust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and his feelings of guilt: â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood lean from my hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , regret: â€Å"wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst! † and horror: â€Å"I am afraid to think what I have done. Look on it again I dare not† after the murder of his king. This portrayal of Macbeth’s troubled conscience suggests that, despite his evil deeds, he never entirely loses his humanity. Also, the air-drawn dagger that leads him to Duncan’s chamber, the voices he hears and the ghost of Banquo are all products of Macbeth’s guilty conscience and vivid imagination, adds to his image as only human. This point is even further explored in the killing of Macduff’s family (ordered by himself). While he appears to be unaffected by the dreadful slaughter, Macbeth is initially reluctant and unwilling to fight Macduff in Act V because he has too much of his family’s blood on his conscience. This is witnessed again through his many soliloquies throughout the play: â€Å"My soul is too much charged with blood of thine already†. This quote also shows continued evidence of Macbeth’s troubled conscience and his humanity, which evokes a certain degree of sympathy from the audience. Shakespeare also portrays Macbeth as a tragic hero who possesses a certain degree of humanity. The readers also feel some sympathy for Macbeth in his painful awareness of the high price to be paid for achieving his ambition by evil means. No sooner has he killed Duncan that he beings to realise that he will never sleep peacefully again, having murdered â€Å"the innocent sleep† of a good king. This act of realisation evokes further sympathy from the readers, as they begin to understand a character that is very much flawed in his hungry desire for ambition. While Macbeth’s morality decline dramatically and his actions become more evil and appalling, the reader still retain a degree of sympathy and understanding for him. They realise that while Macbeth does evil, he is not evil. While he is a ferocious warrior who carves a bloody path through the ranks of his enemies on the battlefield, he is too sensitive to play the roles of a murderer and butcher unaffected. Macbeth is essentially a noble individual whose finer qualities are corrupt by ambition. This prevents Macbeth from being portrayed as the complete monster he had become. Therefore, Shakespeare masterfully makes Macbeth a tragic hero, saving him from being a full-fledged villain. This tragic hero theme is also shown after the murder of Banquo and his subsequent haunting by Banquo’s ghost as Macbeth mourns that he has passed the point of no return and has no choice but to continue with murder. Shakespeare writes these scenes with the intentions of having the audience know Macbeth’s guilty conscience, which is done with the intention of generating some degree of compassion for him. This morality in Macbeth is further explored at the end of the play when the combined forces of Macduff, Malcolm, and Siward are ready to attack Dunsinane castle to depose and dispose of Macbeth where Macbeth is holding fort. He has the choice of waiting out the siege in his castle that is stocked with enough supplies to last a long time but instead, Macbeth elects to take on the challengers in battle, declaring, â€Å"I’ll fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked†. His court officer Seyton tries to convince him otherwise, but Macbeth will hear nothing of it. It is this display of bravery against his foes that finally secures sympathy for Macbeth as he goes down valiantly in battle rather than cowardly in the depths of his castle. In the end, because Macbeth is a flawed hero and not a super hero, because he is capable of doing great right and great wrong, the audience can empathise with him. They can understand his motivations and actions, even though the audience may not like them, because they are the same motivations that drive all human beings. It is because of his humanity and morality, portrayed through his soliloquies and his fatal flaw, does the audience understand Macbeth’s actions so that they retain a degree of sympathy for him through to the very end of the play.

Q6) What are the major cost drivers for the bottle Essays

Q6) What are the major cost drivers for the bottle Essays Q6) What are the major cost drivers for the bottlers? The cost drivers for the bottlers were as follows: Bottlers had a "direct store door" arrangement, which increased the cost of transportation and labour because their own personnel did the driving, unloading and stacking. Retail stores were paid by bottlers for promotional activities and discount levels. The bottling process in itself was highly capital intensive requiring high speed production lines etc. The other main costs were the concentrate and syrup. This cost was dependent on CSD suppliers and market price for sugar/ corn syrup. The bottlers heavily invested in trucks and distribution networks apart from routine expenses like packaging, labour and other overheads. Q4) How have Coke and Pepsi managed the rivalry in the CSD industry in terms of concentrate suppliers? Coke and Pepsi managed the rivalry in the CSD industry by following some of the below mentioned tactics over a couple of decades: Pepsi started focusing more on take-home sales to target family consumption. For th i s they introduced the 26-oz bottles. Pepsi started with an aggressive marketing campaign called "Pepsi Generation" to promote and increase sales among the youth. Pepsi also worked to modernize plants and improve store delivery. Pepsi's bottlers were concentrated and were larger than Coke's. This gave them an advantage over Coke. Pepsi used to sell concentrate at 20% lower than Coke, promising to spend the extra income on promotion after equaling Coke's prices. Both Coke and Pepsi experimented with cola and non cola flavours and new packaging options. Non returnable glass bottles were introduced along with metal cans. In the 1970s Pepsi came up blind taste tests called "Pepsi Challenge" and Coke countered it with rebates and retail price cuts. During this period, Coke renegotiated with its bottlers to bring in more flexibility in pricing of syrup and concentrates. Coke also switched to lower priced high-fructose corn syrup later on. Pepsi followed suit. Coke started with "Diet Coke" and in a couple of years Pepsi came out with a similar product. Q5) How should Coke and Pepsi face this challenge? Recommend. Coca Cola and Pepsi should focus on growth related strategies rather than devising tactics to outdo each other for shorter periods of time. The long term focus would not only be profitable in the future but also be highly sustainable. Some of the ways this can be done is as follows: Continue expansion into emerging markets. As the buying power of consumer increases, so would the sales of these brands. Both of them should start using healthy sweeteners in order to counter the claim of aerated drinks leading to obesity and other health problems. This would not take much investment and as the trend for healthy living grows consumers will be relatively insensitive towards price. Have a green strategy (like environmentally friendly factories, recycle of the bottles, water cleaning systems ). This will have a positive effect on customer loyalty and will help in the brand building process. Continue to churn out newer products and bring about innovation in these products. Innovation to be based on geography, occasion, target demographic group and ingredients. For retailing strategies, increase shelf space, install more and better equipments in the market and also expand availability into new outlets and channels. Q2) Analyze the industry attractiveness of concentrate suppliers and independent bottlers. Comment on vertical integration of CSD, bottlers and suppliers. Give a strategic rationale. Industry attractiveness for the concentrate suppliers is as follows: Bargaining power of suppliers: The powers of suppliers are low for the CSD as the suppliers are fragmented. Materials like colouring , citric acid and caffeine have no differentiation. Also the switching costs to these are really low and these commodities are easily available in the market. Also there is minimalistic threat of forward integration. Bargaining power of Buyers: Bottlers have very low bargaining power as both Coke and Pepsi determine the terms of the contract for pricing and other conditions. Also they have retained exclusive deals with food outlets. As a matter of fact, most voluminous bottling accounts were owned by these companies which gave them large negotiating powers. Threat of substitutes: Threat of substitution is very high as there are numerous alternates

Never Overlook the Arc

Never Overlook the Arc Never Overlook the Arc Never Overlook the Arc By Guest Author This is a guest post by Vic Shayne. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. There are many elements that are key to creating a good story, and the arc is one of the most important of all. It doesn’t matter whether we’re talking about fiction, nonfiction, a fantasy story, documentary or screenplay. I could say that even Noah knew the importance of an ark, but homonyms lose their charm in writing. What is an arc? In the world of physics, an arc is a curve. In writing we can explain it in similar terms - it’s the path that a story and its characters follow, from their introduction to their finale. It starts here and ends there, so to speak. I’ve seen a lot of people’s writing that completely misses this fundamental element, and they wonder why their work is flat or unsalable. If they set their egos aside, they can learn from their mistakes. If not, they go on chalking up their failures to stupid editors or readers who just don’t get their genius. To make sure your work is rich, plan your arcs from the outset. Before you sit down to write your story, make an outline that includes an arc for the story and all its characters. Figure out how your story begins and how it ends, including all the changes in points in between. Figure out how your characters act at first compared to how they act when your work comes to a conclusion. If they do not exhibit change or growth, then something’s wrong and your work will lack dramatic interest. This is true of a silly comedy, a farce, a musical, a slice of life story, a science fiction work and a tear-jerking drama. Everything has to keep moving in a direction that exhibits change. They say if a shark stops moving, it dies. Don’t let your writing go belly up. Let’s get more specific. Take a look at your own life as an example. Your life, like everybody else’s has an overall arc with a series of events in between. You started off as a baby, moved through childhood and got to where you are now. You’ve changed, changed some more and changed again so that you are not the same person you were in the beginning. Your life story has an arc. At this present moment, you have accumulated wisdom. You have experienced sorrow, happiness, hard work and moments of reprieve - all of which are evidence of your arc. Remember too that in addition to an overall story arc, there are also many in between arcs that need to be written. Each chapter needs to have an arc in which something is accomplished, ruined, created, thwarted, grown, deconstructed and/or abandoned. Only by creating these chapter or scene arcs is your audience or reader compelled to move to the next event. Many movies suffer from an absence of arcs and even uninformed audiences will complain that the film they just watched â€Å"didn’t go anywhere,† even if they can’t articulate the exact source of the flaw. I have a friend, John, who goes to the movies on a regular basis. John has little patience. If there’s nothing that compels him to watch what happens after the first ten minutes, he leaves the theater. He considers sitting any longer in his seat a waste of his valuable time. Worse, John is angry at the writer and director for taking advantage of him and robbing him for an unfulfilled promise. John’s a tough critic, but to me he’s a reminder of the importance of giving your readers something to look forward to from scene to scene and chapter to chapter until, by the end of the affair, you’ve taken them through a journey. This â€Å"something† depends on well-crafted arcs. Vic Shaynes latest book, Remember Us, just hit the bookstores nationwide. Vic has been a professional writer since 1978, with six books and more than 500 articles over his career, as well as screenplays, stage plays and commercial work. To learn more about him and his work, you can visit his website. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesUsed To vs. Use ToPeople vs. Persons

Research report explainin a recent innovation in your area of intrest Paper

Report explainin a recent innovation in your area of intrest or expertise - Research Paper Example Google provided the platform of using android in cell phone (Jackson 6). The top ten android phone available in India are LG-G3 , Sony Xperia Z3 , HTC One M8 , Motorola Moto X , HTC One E8 , Sony Xperia Z3 (compact) , Samsung galaxy S5 , LG Nexus 5 , Oppo Find 7a , Xiaomi Mi3. Android mobile phones are the most powerful and the only big competitor of apple I phone. Android have become so powerful that it provides the customers to customize the operating system as per their requirement. The android phones are tested and checked by the digital test laboratory before it is introduced in the market. Android has undergone a lot of improvement and several updates were done to improve the operating system. It has also included new additional, features for its customers. HTC has joined hands with Google to launch the first nexus smart phones in collaboration with Google. Google have considered or announced Nexus and smart phones as their flagship product. Android possess the ability to run the operating system which leads to the changes in the default launcher. Android has facilitated the user for quick downloading, installing, removing and updating the applications from his/ her own devices (Murphy 35). Android has become a part of our life, since it operates on battery. Android is designed in such a way so that the consumption of power will be minimal. When working on the android is stopped, the operation cannot be performed but the application is open. Android has the quality of managing, storing and maintaining the memory automatically even when the memory of the device is less. It will automatically delete or remove the applications that are used rarely and it helps the user to maintain all the data automatically, sometimes the valuable application may get deleted. Open Handset Alliance is the main development and beneficial for the developers of android. Open Handset alliance allows or facilities the developer to spread

See instructions Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See instructions - Movie Review Example Sykes confirms that imprisonment leads to hurtful deprivations of liberty, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, autonomy, and security that attack prisoner’s self-image and produce further produce physiological and psychological problems. The prison warden faces the issues of dealing with the complaints of the prisoners and helping them get what they need to feel better that contradict the punishment for their bad behaviors and the problem of preparing some of them for reintegrating into their communities when they lack sufficient preparation and rehabilitation inside prison and have no means of accessing necessary social and health care support and other resources outside it. Sykes confirms that imprisonment leads to deprivation of goods and services that affects prisoners physiologically and psychologically. He believes that depriving people of goods and services aggravate prisoners because they live in a culture where material possessions define the worth of people (69). In Solitary Nation, prisoners talk about getting more food or more things into their cells, even â€Å"cookies and milk,† as prisoner Peter Gibbs requests. They mention getting crazy because of having nothing in these solitary cells (Solitary Nation). Depriving inmates of goods and services that non-prisoners have affects them physiologically because they feel that they are not getting enough to get by in prison, while depriving them of services that define a citizen’s concept of a good life results to a â€Å"painful loss† (Sykes 68). Their impoverishment heightens their physical and psychological insecurity. Solitary confinement reduces what little sense of indep endence they have because they cannot afford and access many goods and services. Aside from deprivation of goods and services, prisoners also feel the hurtful process of losing heterosexual relationships. Sykes believes that losing contact with females from the outside world only